Ceratosaurus Dinosaur

Ceratosaurus means ' horned reptile.' It was discovered by O.C Marsh in 18184. There are 3 classification, Saurischia, Theropoda and Ceratosauridae and it remains found in North America and East Africa.

These have a dimension of 6 metre length, 2 metres height and 900 kilograms weight. There food was carnivore.

Ceratosaurus was a strange dinosaur distinguished by several little horns on its skull. A larger one on the nostrils and two smaller ones above the eyes. Its teeth were barbed anusually large.
Along the back and tail was a kind of crest consisting of small, bony nodules.
Ceratosaurus was a biped and the front limbs had hands with four digits.

Carnotaurus Dinosaur

Carnotaurus mean's 'carnivorous bull'.it was discovered by Bonapare in 1985. there are 3 classification of Carnotaurus Saurischia, Theropoda and Abelisauridae. There remains from South America.

They have 7.5 metres length, 3 metres height and 1 tonne weight of dimensions. The food was carnivore.

Canotaurus was a large biped predator. The head was strong and imposing, with the teeth serrated like butcher's knives. The most distinctive features of this dinosaur were the two protuberances on its skull, like flat horns emerging above the ayes and its very short nose. Its arms were also unusual, very small in relation to the body, with a well-developed humerus but an extremely small radius and ulna.

There were four digits on the hand, one of which, unusually, turned inwards. Scientists have not yet established what purpose the very small arms serve, with the digits arranged in this unusual mannner.

The only remains of Carnotaurus were found in the prairies of Patagonia in Argentina in 1985. The palaeontologists were lucky enough also to find strips of fossilised skin, so they could form a more accurate idea of the external appearance of this creature. From the neck to the tail the skin had rows of small conical protuberances, while on the head were smaller little humps from which ran rows of large protuberant scale, covering the area round the eyes and the upper part of the nose.

Carcharodontosaurus Dinosaur

The name means 'lizard with shark's teeth' because the teeth of Carcharodontosaurus recall those of Carcharodon, the elastmobranch genus to which the great white sharks belongs.

It discovered by Stromer in 1931 and found in North Africa. There are 3 classification Saurischia, Theropoda, Carcharodontosauridae.

It has 14 meters length, 4 metres height and 8 tonnes weight of dimensions. There food was carnivore and carrior eater.

According to reconstruction by paleontologists, Carcharodontosaurus was one of the largest carnivores ever to exist. Its body nonetheless looked elegant and slender, with a long tail, a strong neck , powerful hind limps, well-developed front limps and hands with three digits and sharps claws. The head was particularly impressive for its size of a human and for its dozen of very sharp teeth, up to 12 centimeters long.

Carcharodontosaurus came into the limelight in 1995 when the palaeontologist Paul Sereno and his team, working deep in the desert, discovered the remains of a new specimen a complete half-skull, some vertebrae, parts of the limps and the pelvis. It was a sensational discovery in that the head alone was almost 1 metre 70 centimetre long. This rivalled the skull of the largest Tyrannosaurus rex ever found.

Baryonyx Dinosaur

Baryonyx means "heavy claw" because it was the first example found of a fossilized hand with a claw. It was discovered by Walker in 1983.

It has three classification, Saurischi, Thefopoda, and Spinosauridae. The remains found in Europe.
There food was piscivore.

The skull of Baryonyx was very similar to that of crocodile, narrow and elongated, with a very strong jaw and cone-shaped teeth. Between its eyes there was a bony crest. The front legs were long and strong, the hand having a thumb with a single curve claw.
The rear legs were and erect, supporting the whole weight of the body which was balanced by a long tail, very broad at the base.

It is very likely that Baryonyx lived in marshy areas and caught fish using its clawed thumb as a perfect hook for fishing . Among the fossilized bones of the rib cage of one example, numerous scales of a fish of the genus Lepidotes have been found; this was a very common fish in the Cretaceous period, almost a metre long. It is probale that these scales were the remains of the last mael of this Baryonyx.

Now, as then Baryonyx caught fish in the same way as the grizzly bear does in the rivers of North America.


Baryonyx Skull














Baryonyx Claw

Bagaceratops Dinosaur

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Bagaceratops means "little-horned face". It was discovered by Maryanska and Halszaka Osmolska, in 1975. and the remains found in Asia.

There three classifecation of Bagaceratops, Orrnithischia, Marginocephalia, and Protoceratopsidae.
It has a dimensions of 1 meter length, 50 centimeters and 22 kilograms weight. There food was herbivore.

Bagaceratops was a quadruped dinosaur, small but powerful, with a distinctive, toothed, bony crest along the back edge of its skull and a small horn on its muzzle; it had strong jaws and teeth for finely chewing the vegetation on which it fed.

Bagaceratops is one of the dinosaur which was found in Mongolia and it is regarded as one of the most primitive of the ceratopsians. As well as fossilized skeleton remains, its nests and eggs have been found.
Now as then at the end of its mouth, it had a beak similar to that parrot, useful for cutting vegetation.



The skull of Bagaceratops

ARGENTINOSAURUS Dinosaur

Argentinosaurus, means 'Argentine lizard'.It was discovered by Bonaparte and Coria in 1993. The remains found in South America. It has a dimensions of 40 meters length and 1oo tonnes weight.
There are classification of Argentinosaurus they are Saurischia, Saurodopa, and Titanosauridae.


Argentinosaurs, belongs to the family of land-dwelling animals which were probably the longest and heaviest which have ever existed. It was a gigantic dinosaur with an extremely long neck and tail, a some what slender body and tiny head; so, to excavate a complete skeleton of such a large dinosaur is very rare.
For Argentinosaurus, for example, we have found only some sections-some vertebrae, fragments of ribs, one tibia and pelvic bones. The experience of the palaeontologists, their expert knowledge of anatomy of the giant plant-eating sauropods and the ratio of measurements between each section has enabled them to reconstruct their size and appearance.

Argentinosaurus, is a record-breaking animal. Its 100 tonne weight makes it the heaviest dinosaur known so far.
Now, as then the sauropod dinosaurs had huge pillar-like legs in order to support their enormous weight. The digits rested on flexible, soft pads like those of the elephant, the largest land-dwelling animal today.






The bone leg of Argentinosaurus.

ARCHAEOPTERYX

Archaeopteryx, means 'ancient wing'. It is discovered by Meyer in 1861 and found in Europe. It has a dimensions of 50 centimeters length,25 centimeters height and 50 grams weight. There food was carnivore and insectivore.

Archaeopteryx, was a little like a small carnivore dinosaur and a little like a bird. Like all dinosaur, it had a long tail, sternum (the flat bone in the center of the thorax), three strong clawed digits on each 'wing hand' and a mouth with lots of sharp teeth curving inward. As with all birds, the Archaeopteryx had a wishbone, two 'big toes' pointing backward for perching on branches of trees and a body covered with plumes and feathers. This makes the Archaeopteryx a classic link in evolution which demonstrates how birds have developed from dinosaurs. It is believed that the Archaepteryx was a fine flyer.

Archaeopteryx is considered by many palaeontologist to be the oldest known bird. Study of the species has enabled scientists to understand the evolution of dinosaurs to birds and how they adapted to flight.

APATOSAURUS DINOSAUR

Apatosaurus, means 'deceitful lizard'. In fact, this dinosaur 'deceived' Othniel Marsh, the palaeontologist who discovered it in Marsh in 1877. He found some dinosaur bones and called it Apatosaurus. Two years later, he found other remains and thinking that these belonged to another species, called the 'new' dinosaur Brontosaurus(thunder lizard) Only later was it found that all these bones belonged to the same species of dinosaur. The first name Apatosaurus, is actually the correct one.
The remains of the Apatosaurus were found in North America.

Apatosaurus has three classification namely Saurischia,Sauropoda and Diplocidae.
It has 27 meters length,8 meters height and 35 tonnes weight dimension.
There food was herbivore.

Apatosaurus, was a powerful dinosaur, chracterized by legs like thick columns and a very long neck and tail-but with a head measuring only 55 centimetres,so tiny compared with the rest of the body! In its mouth it had long teeth at the front in the form of a sort of comb, useful for tearing leaves and shoots from branches of trees. The massive muscles in its back could have enabled the Apatosaurus to raise it self up on its hind legs to reach the most tender leaves at the tops of trees.
The long tail, very thin at the end, was a formidable weapon which the Apatosaurus could swish from side to side at incredible speed,whistling like a whip and shattering the bones of any enemy trying to get near.

During excavation one Apatosaurus skeleton and one Camasaurus skeleton were unearthed-but only one skull seemed to fit with the rest of the Apatosaurus remains, it was thought that the skull belonged to this dinosaur. For many years to come, the Apatosaurus wasss thought to have a skull belonged to the Camasaurus! And so, the Apatosaurus lost its head and remained without one until the discovery of a new, complete skeleton with the 'right' skull.
Now as then defending by using the tail is not so unusual: the iquana, for example behaves the same way.